Influence of Casein versus Soy Protein Isolate on Lipid Metabolism of Minipigs

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Abstract
This report describes whether a complete exchange of soy protein isolate for casein affects serum lipid or lipoprotein levels. For this purpose, 10 adult minipigs underwent two 6-week crossover experiments, one with 11 and one with 22 weight% protein in a western-style diet. Cholesterol levels were 2.02 ± 0.06 and 1.98 ± 0.04 mmol/l with casein and soy, respectively (22 weight%) and 2.08 ± 0.06 and 2.04 ± 0.05 mmol/l, respectively (11 weight%). There was a significant rise of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the lower protein intake, both with casein and soy. In all experiments nitrogen balance was positive. Soy feeding was accompanied by a significant rise of fecal bacterial protein excretion, as calculated from diaminopimelic acid. In summary, no statistically significant difference of plasma or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed, neither due to the kind nor to the amount of dietary protein.

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