Phenomenological Explanations for the Unbiased Operation of Even-Harmonic Josephson Junction Mixers

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Abstract
Even-harmonic JJ mixers allow unbiased operation, while odd-harmonic ones do not. Phenomenological explanations are presented for this phenomenon. Based on the voltage source model, a simple analysis is given that explains this phenomenon clearly. Furthermore, based on the current source model, this is studied by using a JJ simulator. In the odd-harmonic mixing, the waveform of supplied current has an odd symmetry, therefore, there is no mean junction voltage and no IF output. In the even-harmonic mixing, there is no such symmetry in the waveform of supplied current, therefore, there is a finite mean junction voltage and IF output.

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