The courtship behavior of the male brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland)

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Abstract
The courtship behavior of a population of Culaea inconstans from London, Ontario, has been described in detail. Sequential analysis of the courtship of eight males for 77 half-hour periods shows that there is a sequence of behavior elements which go from pummeling to leading to showing to quivering and to fertilizing. During courtship the male shows aggressive and nest-building elements of behavior which are described as displacement activities. The courtship elements of behavior of this population differed from those described for another population from the state of New York. The differences probably represent postglacial evolution in this species.

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