Control of Hepatitis B Infection

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Abstract
A 3¼-year study assessed intervention approaches for hemodialysis-associated hepatitis. A 12-month retrospective study was followed by one year of prospective surveillance (during which attention to hygienic techniques was encouraged) and then by a 15-month period during which antigen-positive cases were transferred from study centers to an isolation hemodialysis center (IHC). The incidence of hepatitis B infection (HBI) fell 35.9% in study centers during surveillance; this was followed by a 50.0% drop during the IHC phase. The total 67.9% drop during the entire study period was statistically highly significant; the IHC contributed significantly more to the total drop than did surveillance alone. At comparison units, HBI increased 97.9% during the same period. This study indicates that HBI incidence can be markedly reduced by a combination of surveillance and assignment of antigen-positive patients to a separate dialysis unit. (JAMA1981;245:153-157)

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