Comparative Ototoxicity of Ribostamycin, Dactimicin, Dibekacin, Kanamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Sisomicin and Netilmicin in the Inner Ear of Guinea Pigs

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Abstract
Nine aminoglycoside antibiotics, ribostamycin (RSM), dactimicin (DAC), dibekacin (DKB), kanamycin (KM), amikacin (AMK), netilmicin (NTL), tobramycin (TOB), gentamicin (GM) and sisomicin (SISO) were administered intramuscularly to guinea pigs for 4 weeks, and ototoxicity and drug concentration in the inner ear fluid were determined. RSM and DAC showed the weakest ototoxicity against the cochlea and vestibular organs. AMK and KM were more toxic to cochlea than vestibular organs. DKB, TOM, GM and SISO were equally toxic to vestibular organs and cochlea. NTL was more toxic to vestibular organs than cochlea. As judged from the pinna reflex response and hair cell damage in the cochlea, the order of auditory toxicity was the following: SISO > GM > TOB > AMK > DKB > KM > NTL, DAC RSM, whereas the vestibular toxicity was in the following order: SISO > GM > DKB > TOB > NTL > AMK > KM > DAC, RSM. RSM, causing the weakest ototoxicity, showed a low drug concentration in the inner ear fluid, while GM, causing severe ototoxicity, showed the highest drug level under the same conditions.