Evolution of design principles in biochemical networks

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Abstract
Computer modelling and simulation are commonly used to analyse engineered systems. Biological systems differ in that they often cannot be accurately characterised, so simulations are far from exact. Nonetheless, we argue in this paper that evolution results in recurring, dynamic organisational principles in biological systems, and that simulation can help to identify them and analyse their dynamic properties. As a specific example, we present a dynamic model of the galactose utilisation pathway in yeast, and highlight several features of the model that embody such ‘design principles’.