Does acrolein contribute to the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide?
- 1 November 1980
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie
- Vol. 98 (2) , 119-126
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00405956
Abstract
To determine whether the release of acrolein from oxazaphosphorinane-cytostatics contributes to their cytotoxic action, the effect of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamide, 4-hydroperoxy-dechloro-cyclophosphamide, and acrolein on murine L 1210 leukemia cells in vitro was compared by measuring the median survival time (MST) after transplantation of the tumor cells in DBA2/Han mice. We found that only 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, which is able to release both acrolein and the alkylating metabolite phosphoramide-mustard, decreased the transplantability of L 1210 cells, while the structurally analogous 4-hydroperoxy-dechloro-cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamide, which under physiological conditions only release acrolein but no alkylating split products, showed no cytotoxicity. Acrolein itself showed only a marginal effect, when administered in concentrations equivalent to the release of acrolein from the oxazaphosphorinane-derivatives in test. In this case, however, significant lysis of the L 1210 cells was observed by estimating dye exclusion, while acrolein released intracellularly from 4-hydroperoxy-oxazaphosphorinane-compounds did not. This points to a different mechanism of the cytotoxic action of extracellular acrolein and acrolein released intracellularly from activated oxazaphosphorinane-compounds. The results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of activated cyclophosphamide is based on the alkylating moiety of the molecule. Neither the 4-hydroperoxy-group nor the activated oxazaphosphorinane-ring itself, nor acrolein released intracellularly during toxification of activated cyclophosphamide exert a direct cytotoxic effect. Thus, the release of acrolein from activated CP apparently does not contribute to the cytotoxicity of CP in vivo. Geprüft wurde, ob die Freisetzung von Acrolein aus Oxazaphosphorinan-Cytostatika zur cytotoxischen Wirkung und Spezifität beiträgt. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde die Cytotoxizität von 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamid, 4-Hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamid, 4-Hydroperoxy-dechloro-cyclophosphamid und von Acrolein auf L 1210 Tumorzellen in vitro durch Bestimmung der mittleren Überlebenszeit nach Transplantation der Tumorzellen auf DBA2/Han-Mäuse miteinander verglichen. Wir fanden, daß nur 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamid, das neben Acrolein auch das alkylierende Spaltprodukt N-Lost-Phosphorsäurediamid freisetzt, die Transplantabilität der L 1210 Zellen vermindert. Dagegen waren die Strukturanalogen 4-Hydroperoxy-semi-cyclophosphamid und 4-Hydroperoxy-dechloro-cyclophosphamid, die nur Acrolein aber kein Alkylans freisetzen, unwirksam. Zusatz von Acrolein in Konzentrationen, die dem während der Inkubationszeit aus den Oxazaphosphorinan-Derivaten abgespaltenen Acrolein entsprechen, verringerte die Transplantabilität der L 1210 Zellen nur unwesentlich, unterschied sich aber qualitativ durch verstärkte Zell-Lyse (Trypanblaufärbung) von dem intrazellulär aus 4-Hydroperoxy-oxazaphosphorinan-Verbindungen freigesetzten Acrolein. Die Versuche zeigen, daß die cytotoxische Wirkung von aktiviertem Cyclophosphamid auf Reaktionen des alkylierenden Molekülteils beruht, und daß weder die 4-Hydroperoxy-Funktion, der aktivierte Oxazaphosphorinanring als solcher, noch das während der Giftung intrazellulär freigesetzte Acrolein direkt cytotoxisch auf L 1210 Zellen wirken und dadurch die höhere cytotoxische Spezifität von aktiviertem CP im Vergleich zu anderen Stickstoff-Lost-Cytostatika verursachen.Keywords
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