Personal security as a transport issue: a state‐of‐the‐art review

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Abstract
The possibility of experiencing attack, assault, violence, robbery, harassment or other anti‐social behaviour has become an important influence on traveller decision‐making. Fear and apprehension about personal security can affect all aspects of travel choice (e.g. choice of route, mode, time of journey, etc.), including whether to travel at all. Indeed, in some locations an informal curfew is reported to operate. However, both the degree and widespread extent of such fears indicate that unacceptable constraints on personal liberty do exist in many locations. This paper firstly reviews the extent and nature of the problem considering recorded crime statistics, reported levels of fear and apprehension when using transport facilities and subsequent modifications to travel behaviour. Secondly, a range of possible responses by transport operators, policing agencies and national and local government are examined under four broad headings: policing and staffing; situational crime prevention; social crime prevention; and the level and quality of transport service provision. It is concluded that personal security considerations need to be explicitly incorporated into decisions concerning the design, planning, operation and management of transport systems. It is also important that institutional structures exist to permit the issue both to be recognized and tackled.

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