Carcinogenic Effects of N-Nitrosomorpholine and N-Nitrosopiperidine on European Hamster ( Cricefus cricefus ) 2

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Abstract
The effects of nitrosomorpholine (NM) and nitrosopiperidine (NP) on 60 male and 60 female captured European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) were investigated. After the mean lethal dose (LD50) wasdetermined for each substance, animals were treated with varying doses of the LD50 of either NM or NP. Both NM and NP proved to be markedly effective carcinogens as they caused a high incidence of multiple primary neoplasms in more than one organ. These neoplasms developed most frequently in the respiratory and upper digestive tracts. Moreover, a high percentage of the tumors in the nasal and oral cavities, as well as the lungs, underwent malignant transformations. NP application also induced a high frequency of squamous cell carcinomas originating from the epithelium of the gingiva propria.

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