Detailed monitoring of the effects of mannitol following experimental head injury

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Abstract
The experimental model of a cerebral missile injury developed by Crockard was used in 3 groups of Rhesus monkeys [Macaca mulatta] treated with mannitol. One group received mannitol 15 min after being injured with a BB pellet at 90 m/s impact. Another group was wounded identically, but mannitol treatment was delayed until 1 h after injury. The last group was wounded with the missile traveling at 180 m/s, and mannitol was started 15 minutes after trauma. The data were contrasted with the results from the original model. After receiving mannitol, all groups showed marked improvement in mean blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of O2 consumption out of proportion to the degree of reduction in intracranial pressure (ICP). The therapeutic value of mannitol may, in some injuries, be directly related to its effects on blood flow and metabolism, and to its better known effects on ICP.