Torsional, see-saw, 'bow-tie' nystagmus in association with brain stem anomalies

Abstract
The authors report a patient with syringomyelia, syringobulbia, and the Arnold-Chiari malformation who was noted clinically to have torsional nystagmus. Measurement of the nystagmus using the magnetic search coil technique revealed a mixed torsional, see-saw, 'bow-tie' waveform. It is postulated that a disturbance of central vestibular connections was the common pathogenesis for all components of the nystagmus.