Selection Responses, Genetic‐Environmental Interactions, and Heterosis with Recurrent Selection for Yield in Maize1

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Abstract
Populations of maize (Zea mays L.) and their hybrids derived from full‐sib family selection and reciprocal recurrent selection for increased yield were compared with the corresponding original populations over a range of environments. The populations derived from six selection cycles were evaluated in 12 year‐location environ. ments, and the eight cycle populations and their hybrids were evaluated in a separate study in five year‐location environments.Results of the two studies were in good agreement. Genetic environmental interactions were largely accounted for by responsiveness to environmental variation. Improved populations which were the direct result of selection were more responsive than the original populations. Other populations in which improvements resulted from indirect effects of selection showed less consistency in their responsiveness.Heterosis was increased after reciprocal recurrent selection and decreased slightly after full‐sib family selection. Changes in heterosis were found to be compatible with a simple dominance genetic model.
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