Chromosomal anomalies in human gametes and pre-implantation embryos, and their potential effect on reproduction

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Abstract
Summary. This paper reviews the latest data on chromosomal abnormalities in human gametes and embryos. A close relationship between such anomalies and reproduction failure in humans has been postulated, thereby underscoring the importance of ongoing studies into the mecha- nisms leading to anomalies. Until recently, knowledge of chromosomal anomalies in human gametes and embryos has been limited. Newly developed strategies (in vitro fertilization com- bined with micromanipulation techniques followed by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization, and PCR analyses) allow precise investigation of this problem. This review of the available information on the etiology of chromo- somal anomalies indicates that some of the genetic anomalies in human gametes and early embryos result in reproductive failure.