The retina of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina

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Abstract
The structure of the retina of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina richardii, is described. It is shown that the retina of the harbour seal is similar to that of the harp seal, in that it shows little zonation of the inner nuclear layer, possesses large horizontal cells, and has similar nuclear densities within the different retinal layers throughout the retina. The outer nuclear layer is also the thickest of all the retinal layers. Two types of photoreceptor cell, types B and C, were observed with a ratio of roughly 1:23 respectively. This ratio, along with a well-developed and extensive tapetum, indicates a highly light-sensitive retina. The existence of retinal folding in marine mammals is also questioned and discussed.

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