Abstract
The effects of steep topography and land use on ruffed grouse (B. umbellus) drumming counts were studied in southwestern Wisconsin. Topography created substantial differences in audibility of the drumming between locations. Drumming counts were unusually low in spring 1976, but increased by 2.7 times in 1977. Numbers of territorial males increased by 29%. This disparity was due to greater drumming participation by territorial males in 1977. The relationship of drumming frequency with numbers of drumming grouse was more positive (P < 0.001) in southwestern than in northern Wisconsin. Topographically induced competition may account for this regional difference. Recommendations concerning how and when to conduct drumming counts are discussed.

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