It is well recognized that erythrocythemia may be associated with renal tumors,1brain tumors,2,3and uterine fibroids.4-8In 1958, McFadzean9reported 17 cases of erythrocythemia in 176 patients with hepatocarcinoma but provided no detailed findings in individual patients. During 1961 there were 2 more reports of erythrocythemia accompanying hepatocarcinoma. One was a further report by McFadzean and associates,10and the other described a single case of this association.11 We have observed the development of erythrocythemia in a patient with carcinoma of the liver and should like to record our findings. Report of a Case A 52-year-old Negro man had been very weak for 3 days and incontinent of urine and feces for 2 days, and so he was admitted to the Presbyterian Hospital. This was his fifth admission. Past History.— He had pneumonia at the ages of 8 and 22 years. A right inguinal