The Whipple Operation: The Classical Surgical Procedure to Treat Chronic Pancreatitis

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Abstract
Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the gold standard for the various resection operations that are used to treat pain in chronic pancreatitis. It is used most commonly when: (1) the pancreatic duct is normal in diameter; (2) the head of the pancreas is enlarged, and contains calcifications and cysts; (3) a previous drainage procedure was ineffective, and, even in the absence of pain, (4) when there is concern about the presence of a pancreatic neoplasm in the head of the gland. The operative mortality rate is

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