Fusarium Species Recovered from Waste Peanuts Associated with Sandhill Crane Mortality

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Abstract
Approximately 5000 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) died from undetermined causes in Gaines County, Texas (USA), in 1985, and an additional 200 died in 1986. Prominent clinical signs were the inability of many sick cranes to hold their necks horizontal and the neck, head, and legs sometimes drooped perpendicularly during flight. Approximately 95% of the dead cranes'' gizzards contained peanuts. Culturing of peanuts, shells, soil, and soil debris from fields in which sandhill cranes died showed that Fusarium species were the fungi most frequently isolated and eight species [including F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, and F. proliferatum], were recovered from these substrates. Fusarium compactum, F. solani, and F. equiseti were the only species recovered from all substrates cultured from both fields.