The Cavitation Theory of Homogenization

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Abstract
The valve clearances in a Manton-Gaulin homogenizing valve operating with both water and milk were determined for various pressures and used in the calculation of the distribution, Reynolds number, and minimum theoretical pressure in the valve crevice. The analysis showed that cavitation could occur during homogenization. Results obtained in homogenization of milk with several commercial and experimental valves are presented and discussed with reference to theories of homogenization. Effective homogenization was accomplished in a Manton-Gaulin and a "rounded-entrance" valve even when sufficient back pressure was applied to prevent cavitation. The correlation between valve clearance and the United States Public Health Service (U.S.P.H.S.) index indicates that the mechanism of homogenization involves velocity or velocity gradient. Tests with Venturi tubes provided conditions where cavitation occurred, yet homogenization was relatively ineffective in comparison with that accomplished by commercial valves. The results reported do not support either the cavitation or the impact theories of homogenization.

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