Fetal Abnormalities: Evaluation with Real-time-Processible Three-dimensional US—Preliminary Report

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Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of real-time–processible three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of fetal abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The apparatus comprised a conventional US scanner with a specially designed unit for real-time–processible 3D US and a transabdominal 3D probe. A 3D US examination was performed in 19 women with abnormalities of the fetus (13–35 weeks gestation) that had been detected at two-dimensional (2D) US. RESULTS: Thirty-six abnormalities were detected with conventional 2D US, real-time–processible 3D US, or both in 19 fetuses with abnormalities. Seventeen (47%) of the 36 abnormalities were demonstrated and confirmed clearly with real-time–processible 3D US, and nine of these had been seen with 2D US. Eighteen intrafetal abnormalities had been demonstrated clearly with 2D US, but 14 of these could not be demonstrated with real-time–processible 3D US. CONCLUSION: Real-time–processible 3D US is useful for evaluating fetal abnormalities as a supplement to 2D US, particularly for abnormalities of the face, ears, fingers, and anatomic axis, but real-time–processible 3D US is unlikely to be helpful for detecting intrafetal abnormalities except for skeletal abnormalities and some pathologic changes with fluid accumulation.