Horizontal Systems Technology for Shallow Site Remediation

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Abstract
Summary Innovations in drilling and completion technology for horizontal well bores maximize the hydrologic benefits of horizontal wells for aquifer remediation. In many hydrologic scenarios, horizontal wells exhibit groundwater flow characteristics, drawdown distribution, and contaminant capture capabilities superior to those of vertical wells. In addition, comparison of installation, operation, and maintenance costs for vertical and horizontal groundwater-recovery systems reveals substantial savings engendered by horizontal wells, despite higher drilling costs. Development of a casing drilling and completion system, described in detail in this paper, has allowed the environmental industry to begin reaping the benefits of horizontal wells, which include safer, more efficient remediation operations. Introduction Much of the pollution in the U.S. is buried in the subsurface, where such cleanup methods as excavation or vertical wells have been applied to extract contaminated soil and groundwater. These methods have disadvantages with regard to effectiveness and cost; however, horizontal drilling, a proven oilfield technology, allows well constructions that capture large areas of contamination, which shortens the remediation period and reduces operation and maintenance costs. In addition, the system described here offers particular safety advantages. Recent public demand for cleaner air, soil, and water has led to increased federal and private-sector spending on remediation. Horizontal wellbore technology may reduce long-term remediation budgets, as numerical modeling studies indicate. Background Extraction of contaminated groundwater from aquifers or vapor-phase contaminants from vadose soil zones is based on the same engineering principles as production of oil and gas from reservoirs. Horizontal wells have increased recovery efficiency in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Similarly, horizontal wells have significant advantages over vertical wells in contaminated soils and aquifers. In addition, horizontal wellbore technology will open avenues of innovative remediation technologies in R&D.

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