Nucleation of Copper Electrodeposits on Thin (111) Films of Evaporated Copper

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Abstract
Electrodeposited nuclei and defect structures on thin (111) films of evaporated copper were studied by means of electron and optical microscopes and electron diffraction, as a part of an investigation of copper nucleation from sulfate baths. The roles of noncoherent twin boundaries on the films were of limited significance in the nucleation. Macroscopic defects such as notches and macrosteps on the surface with mirror luster were preferential nucleation sites. The rate of nucleation in the initial stage was evaluated under various overpotentials.

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