Classical simulation of slightly entangled quantum systems and quantum computations

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  • 15 January 2003
Abstract
We present a scheme to efficiently simulate, with a classical computer, the dynamics of multipartite quantum systems on which the amount of entanglement (or of correlations in the case of mixed-state dynamics) is conveniently restricted. This result implies that, in order for a quantum computation to achieve a significant speed-up with respect to classical computations, the amount of entanglement (correlations) in a quantum computer cannot be upper bounded, but must scale with the size of the computation. On a practical side, the proposed scheme may be used to simulate the dynamics of certain systems of interest in quantum physics, such as one-dimensional spin models.

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