Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure: An Update

Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, almost to the exact date of this publication, the first patient with irreversible chronic renal failure was started on repetitive treatments with an artificial kidney with the goal of extending meaningful life for months or years.1 He lived for 14 years. The second patient started on the treatment that same year is still alive, having received a transplant after seven years of dialysis therapy. In 1972, Congress passed legislation that would cover the cost of treatment for all U.S. citizens with chronic renal failure by extending Medicare benefits to those with documented chronic uremia.2 The evolution of . . .

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