A Malformation Incidence Dose‐Response Model Incorporating Fetal Weight and/or Litter Size as Covariates

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Abstract
A dose-response model is often fit to bioassay data to provide a mathematical relationship between the incidence of a developmental malformation and dose of a toxicant. To utilize the interrelations among the fetal weight, incidence of malformation and number of the live fetuses, a conditional Gaussian regression chain model is proposed to model the dose-response function for developmental malformation incidence using the litter size and/or the fetal weight as covariates. The litter size is modeled as a function of dose, the fetal weight is modeled as a function of dose conditional on both the litter size and the fetal weight, which itself is also conditional on the litter size, and the malformation incidence is modeled as a function of dose conditional on the litter size. Data from a developmental experiment conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research to investigate the growth stunting and increased incidence of cleft palate induced by Dexamethasone (DEX) exposure in rats was used as an illustration.