Drought Stress, Enzymes of Glutathione Metabolism, Oxidation Injury, and Protein Synthesis in Tortula ruralis

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Abstract
The activities of glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), and glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) were found to increase during slow drying or during rehydration following rapid drying of the drought-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis. Little change was observed in the activity of malate deydrogenase (NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) during dehydration or subsequent rehydration. When the tissue was treated with cycloheximide, actinomycin D, or cordycepin, the increase in the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase was largely prevented while effect on glutathione peroxidase was much smaller. Concomitantly, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as percentage of total glutathione increased. GSSG level was correlated positively with the levels of lipid peroxidation and solute leakage and negatively with the rate of protein synthesis. The results show that GSSG level is a good indicator of oxidation stress and provide support to the suggestion that GSSG mediates, at least in part, the drought stress-induced inhibition of protein synthesis.