The digital read-out system CM—1: an instrument for rational measuring on radiographic headplates and dental models

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Abstract
The design and mode of operation of a digital read-out system for rational measuring of radiographic headplates and dental models is described and the advantages and disadvantages of the instrument are discussed. The instrument allows direct reading of linear and angular measurements and of coordinates in a freely chosen coordinate system to a resolution of 0.1 mm and 0.1 degree. The instrument is connected to a teletype writer that can reproduce the results as hard copy print-outs and as punched paper tapes. Data can be transferred directly from the paper tapes to a computer for storage or calculation. Additionally the teletype can serve as a computer terminal with optional connection on-line with a computer. In the conventional method of compiling data from radiographic headplates error can arise from landmark identification, tracing, measuring and recording. In the transfer of data to a computer the punching is another possible source of error. With the instrument described in this report, provided that it is in order and correctly operated, there is only one source of error, namely landmark identification. The instrument is time-saving and simple to use. For clinical purposes direct measurement of linear and angular dimensions is the most rational approach but, in research, coordinate registration offers considerable advantages in that all parameters regularly used in roentgencephalometrics can be calculated by a computer on the basis of the coordinates of a relatively limited number of landmarks.

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