Leaf Anatomy of Red Raspberry Transferred from Culture to Soil

Open Access
Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
The leaf anatomy of an aseptically cultured red raspberry clone (Rubus idaeus L.) was studied before and after transfer to soil under controlled environmental conditions. Leaves of plantlets formed in culture were smaller, thinner, had a less compact arrangement of palisade and mesophyll cells, and an altered palisade cell shape compared to leaves formed on plants in soil. The number of epidermal hairs, especialy the filiform type, was lower in vitro and the distribution of colleters was affected. Trichome number was greater in new leaves formed after transplantation and greatest in greenhouse- and field-grown control plant leaves. Calcium oxalate crystals were present in the leaves of in vitro plantlets and more numerous in the leaves formed on plants in soil. Stomata were fixed open, slightly raised, and occurred on the upper leaf surface of in vitro plantlets with many on the periphery of the leaf. Amphistomatous and the peripheral stomatal condition persisted in new leaves formed during the first month when cultured plantlets were transferred to soil at 3 or 6 klx. However, new leaves, like all greenhouse and field-control plant leaves, had few adaxial stomata at 9 klx and peripheral leaf stomata were rare. Anatomy of new leaves formed during the first month after transplanting in soil at 3, 6, or 9 klx was similar to those in culture. Parenchyma tissue was less compact than in control plant leaves and palisade cell shape remained abnormal. More than half the leaves from culture died within the first month of transferring plantlets to soil. Some survived for almost 3 months. Reduced trichome numbers, almost complete lack of filiform trichomes, and presence of peripheral and adaxial as well as unprotected, open, abaxial stomata would all contribute to transplant shock and water loss in cultured plantlets transferred to soil. New leaves of transplants, formed during the first month in soil, had transitional leaf anatomy and surface features. With time, in the soil environment, the appearance of subsequently formed leaves approached that of controls.

This publication has 0 references indexed in Scilit: