Ray Tracing in Warm Magnetoplasma and Applications to Topside Resonances

Abstract
A procedure for determining ray trajectories in warm magnetoplasmas is presented; it is based on mathematical treatments of the wave dispersion relation. This procedure is used to interpret topside resonance at the upper hybrid frequency as oblique echoes. The following results are obtained: when ƒτ < 2 ƒH, two Doppler shifted echoes are received after reflection from above the emitting satellite; their frequencies are plotted as functions of time. The absence of such echoes is observed for ƒτ > 2ƒH.

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