Dosimetry of Occupationally Exposed Persons in Diagnostic and Interventional Arteriography. Part 2: Assessment of Effective Dose

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Abstract
This study aimed to quantify effective dose (E) for occupationally exposed persons (workers) in diagnostic and interventional arteriography. Using Monte Carlo radiation transport calculation, new air kerma to organ dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) were determined. Taking attenuation by protective clothing into account, E was estimated from the DCCs and entrance doses measured at forehead, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper arms, hands and lower legs of the workers. Average E was calculated for several types of procedures and for three hospitals. For operators, E was between 0.5 and 7 µSv per procedure for undercouch X ray tubes and between 0.8 and 22 µSv for overcouch tubes. For assistants, E was typically a factor of two lower. Wearing a thyroid collar roughly reduced E by 50%. These values are low, which is due, among other things, to the nearly general use of a mechanical contrast injector and an undercouch X ray tube.

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