Design of the diffuse infrared background experiment (DIRBE) on COBE

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Abstract
The Diffuse InfraRed Background Experiment (DIRBE) onboard the cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was designed to conduct a search for a cosmic infrared background (CIB), which is expected to be the fossil radiation from the first luminous objects in the universe. The instrument, a ten-band cryogenic absolute photometer and three-band polarimeter with a 0.7 degree(s) beam and a wavelength range from 1 - 240 micrometers , scans the sky redundantly and samples half the sky each day. During the ten month lifetime of the cryogen, the instrument achieved a nominal sensitivity on the sky of 10-9 W/m2/sr at most wavelengths, or approximately 1% of the natural background at wavelengths where the sky is very luminous. The short wavelength bands from 1 - 5 micrometers continue to operate after exhaustion of the cryogen, although at reduced sensitivity. In this paper, we review the design, testing, and in-flight performance of the DIRBE.

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