A randomized trial comparing acute normovolemic hemodilution and preoperative autologous blood donation in total hip arthroplasty

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Abstract
BACKGROUND: The value of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) as compared to preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in orthopedic surgery is unknown. Therefore, a prospective, randomized study was conducted to compare these techniques in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: ANH patients underwent phlebotomy for up to 3 units, or to a target Hct level of 28 percent after induction of anesthesia. PABD patients were asked to donate up to 3 units before admission.RESULTS: Mean baseline Hct levels were not different in ANH and PABD patients (39.7 ± 4.5 vs. 41.8 ± 3.8%, p = 0.09). No difference was found in allogeneic blood exposure among ANH and PABD cohorts: 4 (17%) of 23 ANH patients received a total of 9 allogeneic blood units, compared to no allogeneic transfusions in the PABD cohort (p = 0.30). Total blood costs associated with ANH were significantly (pCONCLUSION: In patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, ANH is safe, can be considered equivalent to PABD in effectively reducing exposure to allogeneic RBCs, and is less costly than PABD.