Mapping trait loci by crossbreeding genetically divergent populations of domestic animals

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Abstract
The emerging linkage maps of domestic animals can be utilised to map genes controlling phenotypic traits in crosses between divergent populations of domestic animals. This paper summarizes the results obtained so far using an intercross between the wild pig and Large White domestic pigs. A primary porcine linkage map was constructed by analysing the segregation of about 130 genetic markers in this pedigree. The marker map was then used to map loci controlling phenotypic differences between the wild and domestic pigs. The gene for dominant white colour was mapped to chromosome 8. Comparative mapping revealed that dominant white spotting mutations map to the homologous chromosome region in humans, mouse and horses. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with large effects on growth and fatness traits were mapped to chromosome 4. Comparative mapping of this chromosome may make it possible to identify candidate loci by using the extensive information on coding sequences in the human and mouse maps. Similarly, gene mapping in domestic animals will contribute significantly to mammalian genome analysis by providing information on the localisation of genes controlling important phenotypic traits.