Natural Populations of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) from the Hawaiian Islands

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Abstract
Soils from 351 sites representing ecologically diverse habitats from six Hawaiian Islands (sea level to 4,200 m) were assessed for entomopathogenic nematodes using the Galleria baiting technique. Twenty-four sites (6.8%)were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes. Twenty-two sites (6.3%) were positive for a Heterorhabditis sp. from the islands of Kauai (6), Oahu (5), Maui (4), Molokai (1), and Hawaii (6), and two sites were positive for a Steinernema sp. from Maui. No entomopathogenic nematodes were recovered from soils on the island of Lanai. Heterorhabditids were highly correlated with ocean beaches within 100 m of seashore (0 m elevation). These positive sites had soils containing sand grains from coral and shells with moderately alkaline pH (8.0) and low organic content (12%). The steinernematid isolates came from inland areas in silty clay and silt loam soils with higher organic content (15–35%).

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