A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact
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Open Access
- 25 October 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in International Journal of Epidemiology
- Vol. 34 (6) , 1329-1339
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi206
Abstract
Background Limited data are available regarding global hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related morbidity and mortality and potential reduction in disease burden from hepatitis B vaccination. Methods A model was developed to calculate the age-specific risk of acquiring HBV infection, acute hepatitis B (illness and death), and progression to chronic HBV infection. HBV-related deaths among chronically infected persons were determined from HBV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality curves, adjusted for background mortality. The effect of hepatitis B vaccination was calculated from vaccine efficacy and vaccination series coverage, with and without administration of the first dose of vaccine within 24 h of birth (i.e. birth dose) to prevent perinatal HBV infection. Results For the year 2000, the model estimated 620 000 persons died worldwide from HBV-related causes: 580 000 (94%) from chronic infection-related cirrhosis and HCC and 40 000 (6%) from acute hepatitis B. In the surviving birth cohort for the year 2000, the model estimated that without vaccination, 64.8 million would become HBV-infected and 1.4 million would die from HBV-related disease. Infections acquired during the perinatal period, in early childhood (80% of HBV-related deaths.Keywords
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