Laser Raman sensor for measurement of trace-hydrogen gas

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Abstract
A new optical hydrogen sensor based on spontaneous Raman scattering of laser light has been designed and constructed for rugged field use. It provides good sensitivity (better than 100 parts in 106), rapid response (several seconds), and the inherent Raman characteristics of linearity and background gas independence of the signal. Efficient light collection and discrimination by using fast optics and a bandpass interference filter compensate for the inefficiency of the Raman-scattering process. A multipass optical cavity with a Herriott-type configuration provides intense illumination from an air-cooled cw gas laser. The observed performance is in good agreement with the theoretical signal and noise level predictions.