A toxicological study of the marine phytoflagellate, Chattonella antiqua (Raphidophyceae)

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Abstract
The toxin composition and ichthyotoxicity of the phytoflagellate Chattonella antiqua (Hada) Ono (Raphidophyceae) were investigated during various stages of growth in unialgal culture. Three neurotoxic components, CaTx-I, CaTx-II, and CaTx-III, which corresponded to brevetoxin components PbTx-2, PbTx-3, and oxidized PbTx-2, were inferred from analysis of C. antiqua toxins on TLC and HPLC. The yield of CaTx-III was highest among the toxins, ranging from 2.48 to 6.85 pg cell−1 in logarithmic or stationary phase cultures. The quantity of each toxin fluctuated according to the age and growth stage of the culture. During the growth cycle there was a significant change in the concentration of CaTx-II and CaTx-III. In the early logarithmic phase, the amount of CaTx-II was highest (1.69 pg cell−1) and that of CaTx-III was lowest (2.48 pg cell−1). As the culture entered stationary phase, the amount of CaTx-II declined sharply (from 0.70 to 0.20 pg cell−1) whereas a rapid increase occurred in CaTx-III (from 3.98 to 6.85 pg cell−1). In ichthyotoxicity studies, C. antiqua showed high toxicity during early to mid-logarithmic growth when most of the cells were motile and spindlelike. After reaching the stationary phase, the toxicity decreased markedly and the number of oval-or spherical-shaped and nonmotile cells increased.

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