Novel glassy nematic and chiral nematic oligomers derived from 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic and (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acids

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Abstract
Novel nematic and chiral nematic liquid crystals capable of vitrification have been synthesized using 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic and (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acids as the base structures to which cyanotolan, cyanobiphenyl, methoxybiphenylbenzoate nematogenic groups, (S)-(−)-1-phenylethylamine and (S)-(+)-1,3-butanediol chiral moieties are attached. Once the glassy state is induced by quenching or controlled cooling from the isotropic state, these liquid crystals showed no detectable tendency towards crystallization upon heating through the glass transition temperature. In all cases, the ΔC p and ΔH c values resulting from the DSC heating scans are comparable to those previously reported for polymer analogues and other low molar mass glassy liquid crystals. In the nematic series with varying spacer lengths, both T g and T c are consistently lower than the linear polymer counterparts, in contrast to the siloxane-based systems. It was also demonstrated that cholesteric mesomorphism can be induced following one of the three approaches: chiral nematic mixture, chiral nematic cyclic cooligomer, and pendant nematogenic groups attached to a chiral ring.