Recording of blood flow velocity waveforms in the uteroplacental and umbilical circulation: Reproducibility study and comparison of pulsed and continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography

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Abstract
Reproducibility of the blood flow velocity waveforms (FVW) recorded from the umbilical artery and the arcuate arteries on the right and left side of the placenta was examined in 8 women with normal pregnancies and anterior placentas. The FVW were recorded using a 2‐MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound system in combination with a real‐time linear‐array scanner. The FVW were characterized by the pulsatility index (PI) and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio. For the PI, the mean coefficients of variation between six operator pairs in the umbilical artery and the left and right arcuate arteries were 8.4%, 26%, and 21.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that, in clinical practice, the umbilical artery FVW is reproducible, but the usefulness of arcuate artery FVW is limited by the wide variation of Doppler signals.Paired recordings of FVW were obtained from the umbilical, arcuate, and uterine arteries using pulsed wave and continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography in a randomized order in another 21 pregnant women with anterior placentas. There was no difference between the two Doppler modes for any of the measured waveform indices.