Intracellular Photoreceptive Site for Polarotropism in Protonema of the Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

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Abstract
Polarotropic response was induced by short-term irradiation with polarized red light in single-celled protonemata of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L. that had been grown apically under red light for 6 days then for 15 hr in the dark. Sequential observation of the apical growth with a time-lapse video system showed that the direction of apical growth changed within 30 min after the brief irradiation. Microbeam irradiation with polarized red light of the subapical, dark-grown flank of the apical, 5–15 μm region of the protonema induced the polarotropic response most effectively. When both sides of the flank were irradiated simultaneously with different fluences of polarized red light with the same vibrating plane of 45° with protonemal axis, polarotropism took place normally, if the fluence ratio, B/A (B: fluence given to the side toward which the protonema should bend in polarotropism, A: fluence given to the other side) was not less than one-half. But, if the ratio became less than that, the protonemata no longer showed polarotropism, they grew toward the side of higher fluence depending on the difference in fluences between both sides.

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