Commentary: Hormones and heart disease: do trials and observational studies address different questions?
Open Access
- 27 May 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in International Journal of Epidemiology
- Vol. 33 (3) , 454-455
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh191
Abstract
By 1990, the number of epidemiological studies of postmenopausal hormone use and coronary heart disease (CHD) was sufficient to justify a quantitative assessment of the evidence. Divergent views of the potential effect of postmenopausal hormones on cardiovascular risk were common. On the one hand, the observation that premenopausal women had substantially lower risk for cardiovascular disease led many to suspect that oestrogens might be protective. On the other hand, the experience of higher risk for cardiovascular disease (though not coronary atherosclerosis) with the early oral contraceptive agents, combined with the adverse experience of oestrogen in men in the Coronary Drug Project, led many to believe that it was harmful. The drug labelling for postmenopausal hormones carried warnings of risk for an increase in cardiovascular disease.Keywords
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