Adaptation ofPeganum harmalaCallus to Alkaloid Production

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Abstract
Peganum harmala callus culture growing on a fully defined medium containing the auxin 2,4-D was found to form roots and secondary metabolites when the auxin content of the medium was reduced. The secondary metabolites included alkaloids, lignin, and a red pigment. The interrelationships between these phenomena are discussed. Alkaloids appeared in the rootlets and the dynamics of their production were followed. Suitable sources of N, Fe, C, and energy were essential for alkaloid synthesis; other nutrients were needed for its maximal expression. Phosphate-free media stimulated secondary metabolite formation while limiting growth and morphogenesis. Light raised the content of the dihydro-β-carboline alkaloids relative to the fully aromatic derivatives but did not alter the total accumulation of alkaloids.

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