A metal-free, full-color stacked organic light-emitting device

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Abstract
We report the demonstration of a transparent, completely metal-free, full-color stacked organic light-emitting device (SOLED). The SOLED emits light from both top and bottom (substrate) surfaces with total external quantum efficiencies of 0.65%, 1.3%, and 2.2% for the green, blue, and red stacked subpixels, respectively. The respective top emission quantum efficiencies for the three subpixels are 0.23%, 0.63%, and 1.6%. The angular dependence of emission colors due to microcavity effects is weak when viewed from the top device surface. This metal-free SOLED is from 21% to 50% transparent over the entire visible spectral range. Capability for top emission makes this device suitable for integration with electronic components in active matrix display backplanes.