Abstract
Immunocompromised patients with respiratory failure who require mechanical ventilation have notoriously poor prognoses, with mortality rates ranging from 60 to 100 percent, depending on the underlying diagnosis and factors such as age, functional status, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, the presence or absence of multiorgan failure, and the duration of neutropenia.1 Such patients' immunosuppression is most often a consequence of therapy for hematologic cancers, organ transplantation, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or long-term treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. They usually die either from underlying illness or its complications or from the complications of mechanical ventilation.Although the . . .

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