The dynamics of "sprint" running

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Abstract
It is shown by mathematical reasoning that the speed of an animal such as man must be limited by the inertial stresses to which his structures are subjected during movement. The viscosity of a muscle is the chief factor regulating the speed of movement. For experimental work on muscle viscosity it is necessary to employ maximal contractions; submaximal contractions are discussed theoretically. The high physiological cost of rapid movement, as in running and walking fast, is explained. The force exerted by a runner being used mainly in overcoming the viscosity of his own muscles, the equation of motion of a runner starting from rest and exerting a maximal effort is given. A runner exerting a maximal effort propels himself with a constant force and is retarded by a resistance proportional to his speed. The work done in running against the viscous resistance of the muscles can be determined, and the theory has been extended to the case of running uphill. An electrical method of timing a runner is described. It is easy and accurate in application and by means of it the complete distance-time relation over any distance can be determined.

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