The ion‐association model and the buffer capacity of the carbon dioxide system in seawater at 25°C and 1 atmosphere total pressure

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Abstract
The ion‐association model of Berner has been extended to calculate the contributions of the various ion‐pair formation reactions to the buffer capacity of the carbon dioxide system in seawater. These reactions are shown to make the major contribution to the equilibrium buffer capacity at pH values greater than 8. However the indifference of the pH to quite large changes in solution composition arises, not from any pH‐statting effect, but because the metal‐carbonate ion‐pairs form only a small proportion of the total cation concentration under normal conditions.

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