Comparison of Degradative Ability, Enzymatic Activity, and Palatability of Aquatic Hyphomycetes Grown on Leaf Litter

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Abstract
Stream fungi have the capacity to degrade leaf litter and, through their activities, to transform it into a more palatable food source for invertebrate detritivores. The objectives of the present study were to characterize various aspects of fungal modification of the leaf substrate and to examine the effects these changes have on leaf palatability to detritivores. Fungal species were grown on aspen leaves for two incubation times. Leaves were analyzed to determine the weight loss, the degree of softening of the leaf matrix, and the concentrations of ATP and nitrogen associated with leaves. The activities of a protease and 10 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes produced by each fungus were also determined. Most fungi caused similar changes in physicochemical characteristics of the leaves. All fungi exhibited the capability to depolymerize pectin, xylan, and cellulose. Differences among fungi were found in their capabilities to produce protease and certain glycosidases. Leaf palatability was assessed by offering leaves of all treatments to larvae of two caddisfly shredders ( Trichoptera ). Feeding preferences exhibited by the shredders were similar and indicated that they perceived distinct differences among fungi. Two fungal species were highly consumed, some moderately and others only slightly. No relationships were found between any of the fungal characteristics measured and detritivore feeding preferences. Apparently, interspecific differences among fungi other than parameters associated with biomass or degradation of structural polysaccharides influence fungal palatability to caddisfly detritivores.