Population Dynamics of a Four-level Cascade System Due to Three-photon Processes in the Presence of a Loss Mechanism

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Abstract
The population dynamics of a four-level atom, with decay from the highest level, interacting with three arbitrarily intense laser fields is studied. In a previous paper [4], this four-level system was investigated with no decay included. For a specific set of input fields, it was found that substantial population could be transferred from the ground state to the highest excited state. In that study, the detunings required to obtain this maximum population transfer were not explained. In this present work, we have introduced a two-level atom model that explains this choice of detunings. They are such as to make the three fields resonant with the Stark-shifted

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