Recent development in genomic and proteomic research for asthma

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Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disorder with a heterogeneous phenotype attributed to the interactions among many genes and the environment. This review highlights recent developments in asthma genomic and proteomic research. Numerous loci and candidate genes have been reported to show linkage and association of asthma and the asthma-associated phenotypes, atopy, elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to alleles of microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms within specific cytokine/chemokine, and IgE regulating genes. Although many studies reporting these observations are compelling, only a few genes conferring significant risk have been mapped. Although significant progress has been made in the field of asthma genetics in the past decade, the clinical implications of the genetic variations within the numerous candidate asthma genes, which have been found to associate with the expression of the asthmatic phenotype, remain largely undetermined. However, in the past year the scientific community has benefited from postgenomic discoveries, with the recent cloning of two asthma genes, ADAM 33 and PHF11, and this has generated new information that is benefiting others. The asthma genetics field has advanced considerably in recent years, with new information being generated that has led to improved understanding of the pathobiology underlying this complex disorder. This has also generated interest in the study of gene–gene interaction and how linkage disequilibrium blocks and haplotypes can be used as functional units to pinpoint mutations and capture relative risk of mutated genes in complex disorders.