Resistance of a Hawaiian Strain of the German Cockroach to Several Insecticides1

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Abstract
The topical toxicity of chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, lindane, Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-l,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one), malathion, naled, Bayer 37344 (4-methylthio) -3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate), and Bayer 39007 (o-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) to a chlordane-resistant Hawaiian strain known as Manoa and a normally susceptible strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), was investigated. Insecticides such as chlordane require at least 30 days for maximum mortality. Bayer 39007, naled, dieldrin, malathion, lindane, and chlordane were highly toxic to the adults of the susceptible strain of the German cockroach. Only Bayer 39007 and naled were highly toxic to the resistant Manoa strain. In the susceptible strain, no significant difference was found between the sexes in susceptibility to naled, malathion, and Bayer 39007. The males were more susceptible than the female to the other 6 materials. In the resistant strain there was no significant difference between the sexes in susceptibility to naled, lindane, malathion, and Bayer 37344, but the male was more susceptible than the female to chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, Kepone, and Bayer 39007. The Manoa strain showed a strong resistance to the toxic action of chlordane and dieldrin, a moderate resistance to lindane, and a slight but significant resistance to DDT, naled, and malathion. The Manoa males were moderately resistant and the females were only slightly resistant to Bayer 37344. No resistance was shown to Kepone. This chlordane-resistant strain shows evidence of cross resistance to all the insecticides tested except Kepone, a polycyclic chlorinated ketone. These insecticides include naled, a halogenated organophosphate; and 2 carbamates, Bayer 37344 and Bayer 39007. The Manoa strain shows the greatest resistance to chlordane ever reported. This resistance was maintained over 1½ years without insecticidal pressure.